Where the name comes from
Georgia probably came through Persian Gurj and related Arabic or Syriac forms; its deeper origin is uncertain, and the Saint George explanation is unproven.
First people
Fossils at Dmanisi show early humans lived here about 1.8 million years ago, and Georgian belongs to the Kartvelian language family of the South Caucasus.1,2
Known for
Georgia is known for wine: traces in pottery show grape winemaking around 6000–5800 BCE, and wine shared at gatherings remains part of Georgian life.3,4
Outside contact
Russia annexed the eastern kingdom in 1801 and western Imereti in 1810.2
The modern country
Independence in 1918 ended with Soviet invasion in 1921 and returned in 1991.2